Methods
Fuel load
Fuel load (W, Kg m-2) is the amount of living and dead mass expressed as the dry weight of fuel per surface area. Since it correlates with the potential energy that can be released during a fire, fuel loading is the primary fuel property addressed by forest management to reduce wildfire intensity and severity. Total fuel load is the maximum amount of fuel that can be consumed in the worst-scenario, while available fuel is the total amount that is consumed by fire (Pausas et al. 2017). Fine fuel typically includes leaves and twigs and branches less than 25 mm of diameter, although some authors consider only branches with a diameter up to 6 mm. Properties of fine fuels are not only related to short-term environmental moisture, but also to long-term responses to natural (e.g., drought, pests, browsing) and management factors.
Fire behaviour models
Ground fuel load
Destructive sampling for litter and duff fuel load C stocks and fire driven changes
Estimation of forest floor C pools by measuring organic layer thickness
Line intersect method to estimate downed woody fuel
Photoload sampling technique for surface downed dead woody fuel estimation
Quantification of wood debris piles through density and dimensional assessment
Surface fuel load
Destructive measurements of litter load
Destructive measurements combined with transects for shrub fuel load estimation
Destructive measurements of live shrub fuel load
Digital photo series method for surface fuel load estimation
Digital photos and relevant dimension measurements for fuel volume estimation
Fuel-bed depth estimation through understory belt transects
Fuel volume and load of shrub like woody plants in a belt transect
Litter traps during the peak of litterfall
Photoload sampling for herbaceous fuel load estimation
Shrub fuel volume estimation with photos and height measurement
Canopy fuel load
Point sampling for non-destructive assessment of fuel structure and load
Vertical fuel continuity by ground-based LiDAR data